Animal Physiology, Spring, 2002

Bi 377, Hour Exam II, 3/28-4/1/02

Instructions:

1) After receiving the exam, you are free to work on the answers in any classroom in Boyd Hall.

2) You may not use any information other than what you have stored in your brain (no notes, books, etc.)

3) Please limit your answers to the space provided beneath each answer. Feel free to use labeled diagrams to enhance your answers. Write clearly and concisely.

4) You have 1.5 hours to complete this examination. Remember that you have agreed not to discuss this examination with anyone else in the class until all have taken it (I will let you know in class).

5) Please sign below if you agree to the above policies.

GOOD LUCK!

Honor Statement: I have read the above instructions and agree to them. I promise to neither give nor receive any help on this examination.

Signed,

Short Answer. Choose six out of the following seven questions. Each is worth 10 points. These questions can be answered in 3-6 sentences or a labeled diagram and 2-3 sentences.

1) List several functions of body fluids. Briefly discuss at least 2 of these functions in more detail.

2) There is a fair amount of diversity represented when it comes to respiratory pigments across the animal kingdom. Briefly discuss this diversity.

3) Draw and label a graph that describes the effects of pH on blood hemoglobin oxygen affinity at varying concentrations of oxygen.

4) Describe briefly how CO₂ is carried in vertebrate blood.

5) Compare and contrast the circulatory systems of a mammal versus a frog.

6) Briefly describe either "Light perception by extra-retinal receptors in the brain of the sparrow" (1968) by Menaker OR "Effects of physiological cycles of infused melatonin on circadian rhythmicity in pigeons (1992) by Chabot and Menaker.

7) Draw and label the cell membrane of a typical neuron. Briefly describe how the cell membrane of these excitable cells may be different than other non-excitable cells (for example a skin cell). You need to think outside the box on this one - we haven't directly answered this question in class or lab)

Essay Questions: (@ 20 pts) Answer the following questions in essay format (a paragraph or two with topic sentences followed by information supporting the topic sentence). You can also use the back side of this sheet of paper. DIAGRAMS (FIGURES) ARE ALSO STRONGLY ENCOURAGED!

1) Compare and contrast the circadian system of birds and mammals.

2) Describe methods, results, and conclusions of the series of 5 papers (for which they were awarded the Nobel prize in 1963) published by Hodgkin and Huxley in the1950's that elucidated the underlying mechanisms of the action potential.