Animal Physiology, Spring, 2002

Bi 377, Hour Exam II

Instructions:

1) After receiving the exam, you are free to work on the answers in any classroom in Boyd Hall.

2) You may not use any information other than what you have stored in your brain (no notes, books, etc.)

3) Please limit your answers to the space provided beneath each answer. Feel free to use labeled diagrams to enhance your answers. Write clearly and concisely.

4) You have 1.5 hours to complete this examination. Remember that you have agreed not to discuss this examination with anyone else in the class until all have taken it (I will let you know in class).

5) Please sign below if you agree to the above policies.

GOOD LUCK!

Honor Statement: I have read the above instructions and agree to them. I promise to neither give nor receive any help on this examination.

Signed,

Short Answer. Choose six out of the following seven questions. Each is worth 10 points. These questions can be answered in 3-6 sentences or a labeled diagram and 2-3 sentences.

1) Briefly discuss the environmental factors/problems that organisms face concerning absorption of oxygen from the environment.

2) Define adaptation and give an example of an "experiment" that occurred in England in the 1800's that showed that external coloration of an animal could be adaptive.

3) Describe briefly how homeostasis can be maintained either via hormonal or biochemical means.

4) Identify/define four (out of five) following in one or two sentences: (@2.5 pts)

a) Claude Bernard

b) Walter Cannon

c) Ram ventilation

d) insect tracheae

e) avian parabronchii

5) The article by Stephen J. Gould, "Full of Hot Air" illustrated important principles seen in the evolutionary development of a few vertebrate respiratory systems. Briefly describe one principle that the author illustrated.

6) Describe and then interpret the following figure:

7) Compare and contrast the regulation of respiration in mammalian versus insect species.

Essay Questions: (@ 20 pts) Answer the following questions in essay format (a paragraph or two with topic sentences followed by information supporting the topic sentence). You can also use the back side of this sheet of paper. DIAGRAMS (FIGURES) ARE ALSO STRONGLY ENCOURAGED!

1) Summarize the methods, findings and interpretations of either: "Discontinuous CO₂ emission in a small insect, the formicine ant Camponectus vicinus" by Lighton (1988) OR "The effects of six pericardial hormones and hypoxia on the semi-isolated heart and sternal arterial valve of the lobster Homarus americanus by Wilkins et al., (1996).

2) You are a world famous respiratory physiologist and have discovered a new vertebrate species in the swamps of Malaysia. One group of scientists from the Netherlands has suggested that the respiratory system is very similar to a fish. Another group from Germany has suggested that it is more like a bird. (What are these people thinking? ;) )What differences and similarities will you look for in this new species in order to determine if its respiratory system is more like a fish or a bird? Be sure to discuss the structures/physiological traits you would expect as well as traits that you would not expect for these groups of organisms.