Reproduction

Marieb, Chapter 28

Female System

1) Ovaries - VIP

A) eggs

B) Estrogens (Estradiol, estriol, Estrone)

2) Oviduct (Fallopian tubes)

3 layers

fertilization - usually occurs within 24 hrs of ovulation

3) Uterus

1) menstruation,

2) implantation,

3) development of fetus, and

4) labor

1) endometrium

2) myometrium

3) perimetrium - serous tissue - attaches uterus to peritoneal tissue

Cervix

Pap smear

4) Vagina

5) Vulva

• mons pubis

• labia

• clitoris

• bulb

• urethra

Mammary Glands

Function

1) prolactin

2) oxytocin

Development

Breast cancer

• early detection is key

American Cancer Society -

screening procedures:

Treatment

Male System

• like female

Testes - homologous to ovaries

Cells -

1) Sertoli cells

2) Leydig cells

Epididymis

Vas Deferens

Urethra

Scrotum - loose bag of skin

Glands

1) Seminal vessicles

2) Prostate gland - homol to paraurethral

3) Bulbourethral glands - homol to greater vestibular glands

Semen

• provides sperm with: (5)

Penis

• parasympathetic NS

Phyiology of Intercourse

Male role

1) erection - enlargement and stiffening of the penis

2) lubrication

Orgasm

sympathetic NS

---> peristaltic contractions of

---> same time - contractions of

ejaculation

other activities accompany:

ejaculation introduces millions of sperm into vagina

Female

• also involves erection, lubrication, and orgasm

• stimulation also involves psychic and tactile responses

• parasympathetic impulses

• analogous to male - sympathetic stimulation

 

Hormonal Control of Reproduction

Males

puberty onset -

1) hypothalamus release GnRH -->

2) anterior pituitary --> LH and FSH --->

a) seminiferous tubules - spermatogenesis initiated, Sertoli cells stimulated

b) Leydig cells - secrete testosterone

c) Testosterone (5)

Control - Negative Feedback: DRAW - both loops

A) GnRH, LH, FSH, ABP

B) Inhibin

Females

• monthly menstrual cycle

A) Ovarian Cycle - Overhead

1) GnRH

2) FSH

3) LH

B) Uterine Cycle

1) Menstruation phase - Days 1-5

2) Proliferative phase - days 6-13

3) Ovulation - Day 14

4) Secretory Phase - Days 15-28

corpus luteum

NO FERTILIZATION --->

FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION --->

Female Puberty

Birth Control

Sterilization

Hormonal (5)

IUDs

Barrier

1) condoms

2) diaphragm or cervical cap

Chemical

Physiologic

1) rhythm method

2) sympto-thermal

STDs