Cardiovascular System

Blood

3 Overall Functions

Composed of:

- 55% Plasma

- 45% cells and platelets

Plasma

90% - H2O

7% - protein - list of several types

3% - list of several

 

Cells

1) WBCs (leukocytes)

5 Types w/functions

2) Platelets

3) Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)

Blood Types

• antigens/antibodies

Hemoglobin -

structure

• identical Heme group - (Fig above) - all are

• variable globins - lots of species specificity

----> differ in their chemical + physical props

EX - 100+ forms in humans alone!!!!

most differ in only 1/140 amino acid residues of globin

Vary with:

A) Parts of body -

B) Age

Oxygen Binding Characteristics

Affinity Curves - P50

Cooperativity

hemoglobin - 4 sites/molecule

Bohr Effect

Thermal Effects

Fetal Blood - DRAW Placenta - fetal/maternal blood supply

 

CO2 Uptake from Tissues

Carried 3 dif ways:

1) plasma

2) HCO3-

3) Hb

SEQUENCE REVERSED WHEN IN LUNGS

GO TO RESPIRATION CHAPTER/MATERIAL

 

Maintenance of pH

• critical parameter

Buffer System: Role of CO2 and bicarbonate

Mechanisms of Acid-Base Regulation

1) Levels of CO2

2) Kidney

A) H+ ions voided --> incr pH

RBC Production and Removal

Production

• before birth

• 5th fetal month

Control: Negative Feedback - DRAW

erythropoietin

Removal

 

Blood Problems:

1) Anemias

2) Hemophilia

3) Leukemia

 

Blood Loss Prevention

Vasoconstriction

Clotting

First:

1) Platelet phase

1) release 5-HT, thromboxane A2

2) swell and become sticky

2) Clotting Phase

3 Basic Reactions (Cascade Concept)

 

Nervous System Reaction

• lose 10% blood ---> shock

• HR increases (as high as 200 bpm)