The Brain

 

Nutrition of brain

• needs O2 continuously

• Uses lots - 2% of body weight

• requires glucose as substrate

Development

Early

• Day 17 - neural plate --> neural groove

• Day 20 - neural tube

• 30 days - 3 parts of brain

• day 35 - 5 major parts of brain

 

Later

 

regeneration

transplants

 

Functional Anatomy

1) Brainstem

a) Medulla

• Many nuclei:

1) Cardiac center - info from hypothalamus

2) Vasomotor center - info from hypothalamus

3) Respiratory center

4) nucleus gracilis, cuneatus

 

B. Pons (similar to medulla - both tracts and nuclei)

 

C. Midbrain

1) Reticular Formation (Activating System)

2) Red Nuclei

3) Tectum

Superior colliculus

inferior colliculus

 

Diencephalon

A) Thalamus

B) Hypothalamus - autonomic

1) Control of ANS -

2) Body Temperature

3) Regulation of water and ion balance - drinking

4) Hunger

5) Sleep/Wake center and Clock

6) Endocrine Gland control

7) Limbic system - emotions, pain, pleasure, rage, anxiety, fear

Pituitary Gland

 

• Cerebellum

 

Cerebrum

Rec reading: "The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat", Oliver Sachs

1) General Structure

2) Areas

a) motor cortex -

b) sensory " -

•• MAPS

c) visual - occipital cortex

visual assoc areas

d) audition - temporal cortex

e) higher thinking, associations - frontal cortex

"VIP for humans"

EX- frontal lobotomy

EX 2 - Phineas Gage

Other Functions:

1) memory

a. short - hippocampus

b. long - stored in cerebrum

2) left vs right hemispheres - looks same both sides

EEGs

alpha

beta

theta

delta

 

Basal Ganglia

Four parts:

- caudate, putamen

- globus pallidus

- substantia nigra too

• Parkinsons

 

Limbic System

4 parts

 

Alzheimers

Cranial Nerves I-XII -

names

numbers

functions