Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Exam 3, Version 5 - April 19, 1996
Dr. Chabot
Multiple Choice (@2 points): Circle the letter of the one best answer. GOOD LUCK!
Answer only 30 out of 33! The first 30 answered will be graded.
Please place an "X" beside those three questions that you do not want graded.
1. Which of the following is not a function of red blood cells?
A. transportation of O2
B. transportation of CO2
C. protection (against "foreign invaders")
D. none of the above
2. People with type A blood can receive blood from people with type:
A. A blood
B. B blood
C. O blood
D. A and B only
E. All of the above
3. The function of monocytes is to:
A. act as phagocytes
B. produce heparin or histamine
C. help to control allergic reactions
D. produce antibodies or killer T cells
4. Approximately what percentage of O2 that is carried bound to hemoglobin in the blood?
A. 12
B. 29
C. 58
D. 98
5. Electrical activity (stimulation) can spread readily through cardiac tissue because of the:
A. release of neurotransmitter
B. serous tissue surrounding the heart
C. chemical synapses between cells
D. gap junctions between the cells
E. all of the above
6. Blood will flow from the left ventricle into the:
A. pulmonary arteries
B. pulmonary veins
C. aorta
D. left atrium
7. We can tell the direction that a sound is coming from because:
A. our brain can detect the small differences in timing of the sounds as they arrive at each ear
B. of our pinnae (auricle) shape
C. our brain can detect the small differences in loudness in each ear
D. all of the above
8. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase generally:
A. converts CO2 into HCO3- in the body
B. converts HCO3- into CO2 in the lungs
C. is found inside red blood cells
D. all of the above
9. When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated:
A. heart rate goes up
B. heart rate goes down
C. the heart beats more slowly
D. none of these
10. Red blood cell production is controlled or affected by:
A. a decrease in O2 levels in the blood
B. an increase in O2 levels in the blood
C. erythropoietin
D. all of the above
11. The portion of the EKG that indicates the depolarization of the ventricles is the:
A. P potential
B. QRS potential
C. T potential
D. U potential
12. In order for blood to clot:
A. prothrombin has to escape from damaged platelets
B. thrombin has to escape from damaged platelets
C. thromboplastinogen has to escape from damaged platelets
D. thromboplastinogenase has to escape from damaged platelets
13. When you cut yourself, von Willebrand's factor is released causing:
A. "shock"
B. platelets to become "sticky"
C. local vasoconstriciton
D. A and B only
14. Risk factors for artherosclerosis do not currently include:
A. a diet high in sugar content
B. age
C. a diet high in saturated fat content
D. smoking
15. Blood is delivered to within less than 1 mm of every cell in the heart by:
A. diffusion through the ventricular and atrial walls
B. the left and right coronary arteries
C. the left and right cardiac arteries
D. the pulmonary circulatory vessels
16. Blood travels from the pulmonary artery into:
A. the pulmonary vein
B. the left atrium
C. the right atrium
D. the lungs
17. Which of the following statements is not true about capillaries?
A. They contain smooth muscles in their walls
B. They are exceptionally thin-walled
C. They allow some fluid to leak out of them and into the tissues
D. They allow diffusion to take place through their walls
18. The _____ is the part of the heart that conducts action potentials from the atria to the apex of the heart.
A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bundle of HIS
D. left atrium
19. Which of the following is not true about arteries and veins?
A. they are both very distensible (elastic)
B. Arteries are more muscular
C. Arteries always have high O2 levels
D. Veins usually have low O2 levels
20. Pacemaker cells are spontaneously active due to:
A. the constant leak of Na+ ions into the cell
B. the K+ channel opening up upon depolarization
C. voltage dependent Na+ channels
D. the constant leak of Ca++ ions into the cell
21. Which of the following tissues would have the lowest density of capillaries?
A. epidermis
B. fat
C. fast glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers
D. the brain
22. Which of the following does not occur within a few minutes after you cut yourself?
A. platelets start to stick together.
B. local vasoconstriction.
C. the blood clots.
D. monocytes migrate into the area.
23. Which of the following can cause a change in heart rate?
A. a change in body temperature
B. a change in emotional state
C. a change in artery stretch receptor information
D. all of these
24. Which of the following is not a clotting factor?
A. Ca++
B. thromboplastin
C. thromboplastinogen
D. prothrombin
25. A difference between HDL and LDL metabolism is that:
A. there are no HDL receptors in arteries
B. there are no LDL receptors in arteries
C. there are no LDL receptors in the liver
D. there are fewer LDL receptors in the liver
26. Blood pH can be regulated by:
A. the kidney
B. what you eat
C. the digestive tract
D. none of the above
27. During normal inspiration and expiration the "renewal rate" of lung air is approximately:
A. 80%
B. 60%
C. 50%
D. 25%
28. The pH (Bohr) effect:
A. increases O2 affinity in the body tissues and decreases O2 affinity in the lungs
B. decreases O2 affinity in the body tissues and increases O2 affinity in the lungs
C. has no effect on O2 affinity
D. always increases O2 affinity in all parts of the body
29. When you exercise which of the following does not happen:
A. your heart rate can increase to as high as 200 beats/min temporarily
B. the density of capillaries in your heart can increase over the long-term
C. the stroke volume often decreases
D. over the long term the heart muscle can increase in size
30. The most common type (by volume) of blood cell is a(n):
A. erythrocyte
B. leukocyte
C. thrombocyte
D. lymphocyte
31. When blood glucose levels decrease:
A. pancreatic cells releases glucagon, which causes liver cells to release glucose into the blood
B. liver cells releases glucagon, which causes pancreatic cells to release glucose into the blood
C. pancreatic cells releases insulin, which causes liver cells to release glucose into the blood
D. liver cells releases insulin, which causes pancreatic cells to release glucose into the blood
32. A protein produced in the liver and functions to carry hormones and maintain osmotic pressure is:
A. fibrinogen
B. albumin
C. globulin
D. none of the above
33. Steroid hormones__________; non-steroid hormones _____.
A. are lipophilic; bind to intra-cellular receptors
B. include testosterone and norepinephrine; include cortisol and estrogen
C. may affect cells by changing protein synthesis rates; combine with nuclear receptor proteins
D. none of the above
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FILL-INS (@2 points):
Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate (one) word.
Choose 10 out of 12 only.
1. Respiration rate is regulated by _______ levels in the blood.
2. The "good cholesterol" in your blood is known as ________.
3. In artherosclerosis, plaques which form are made up of _________ and _________.
4. The receptors for regulating respiration rate are located in the ____________.
5. The _________ prevents food from going into your trachea.
FILL-INS (cont.)
6. The small sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place are called ___________.
7. Your approximate tidal volume is ___________ mls.
8. At the end of a forced expiration the amount of space that is filled with air in your respiratory system is called ____________ ____________.
9. The sensory organ of the inner ear that allows us to transduce sounds is the _____________.
10. We can hear because sounds cause a shearing of the _________ and __________ membranes which causes hairs on the hair cells to bend which causes depolarization.
11. When a sound becomes louder, this causes an increase in _________ ______ to be sent to the brain.
12. A chemical that is released into the blood and has effects on target cells is called a ____________.
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Essay/Short Answer (@ 10 pts). Answer only 2 of the following 3. The first 2 answered will be graded.
1) In outline form, provide a diagram of the cascade reaction that occurs in order for blood to clot.
2) Draw and label a diagram showing the effects of temperature on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. Be sure to provide labels that would indicate how this graphed "effect" might/does affect human physiology.
3) Draw flowcharts (we drew a lot of these on the board using arrows) outlining two out of the three following physiological parameters that are maintained homeostatically:
a) metabolism; b) blood Ca++ levels; c) hydration (water levels) of blood.