Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Exam 1, Version 4 - March 22, 1995
Dr. Chabot
Multiple Choice (@2 points): Circle the letter of the one best answer. GOOD LUCK!
Answer only 30 out of 33! The first 30 answered will be graded.
1. Which of the following cranial nerves carry sensory information?
A. I, II, V, VIII, X
B. I, II, III, IV, V
C. I, II, VI, VIII, IX
D. I, II, III, V, IX
2. The basal ganglia has
A. direct motor cortex output but no direct sensory input
B. direct motor cortex output and direct sensory input
C. no direct motor cortex output or direct sensory input
D. none of the above
3. The sympathetic nervous system is involved with
A. the maintenance of homeostasis
B. "fight, fright, or flight" reactions
C. the same activities as is the parasympathetic nervous system
D. none of the above
4. When considering motor movements, the intermediate cerebellum is involved in the:
A. initiation of movements
B. constant updating of simple motor programs
C. planning of movements
D. storage of simple motor programs
5. An action of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart and the lungs would be to:
A. increase heart rate and dilate the bronchioles respectively
B. increase heart rate and constrict the bronchioles respectively
C. decrease heart rate and dilate the bronchioles respectively
D. decrease heart rate and constrict the bronchioles respectively
6. The _______ is the part of the eye that controls the amount of light let into the eye.
A. pupil
B. lens
C. iris
D. retina
7. A difference between the anterior and the posterior pituitary gland is that:
A. only the anterior pituitary gland uses negative feedback loops to control homeostasis
B. only the anterior pituitary is affected directly by releasing hormones
C. only the posterior produces TSH
D. only the posterior contains a portal system
8. The _________ is part of the limbic system
A. hypothalamus
B. basal ganglia
C. cerebellum
D. association cortex
9. In a muscle fiber (cell), depolarization causes:
A. the opening of Ca channels
B. direct contraction of the cell
C. K+ channels to open
D. the release of Ca into the sarcoplasm from internal stores
10. We can tell whether a sound comes from in front of or behind us because of
A. a difference in the frequency of action potentials in the auditory nerve
B. the physical structure of the pinna
C. the part of the cochlea that the specific hair receptors are found
D. the bones in the ear
11. The endocrine system may
A. detect changes in the internal or external environment
B. help to maintain homeostasis
C. integrates information from several sources and use it to make an appropriate response
D. all of these
12. Calcitonin causes
A. a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose
B. a decrease in the concentration of blood Ca
C. an increase in the concentration of blood Ca
D. none of these
13. Motor information is carried from the brain to the motor neurons via the:
A. spinocerebellar tracts.
B. spinothalamic tracts.
C. cuneatus and gracilis tracts.
D. corticospinal tracts.
14. Phototransduction occurs in photoreceptors when
A. cis retinal is changed to trans retinal
B. the photoreceptors become hyperpolarized
C. the photoreceptors become depolarized
D. A and B only
15. The spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI) nerve carries sensory information regarding
A. vision
B. eyes, scalp, teeth
C. pharynx
D. none of the above
16. The thalamus includes which of the following?
A. the lateral geniculate
B. the medial geniculate
C. A and B
D. none of these
17. The five major parts of the brain have already been formed by embryonic (prenatal) day
A. 20
B. 35
C. 60
D. 75
18. Which of the following statements is true about the development of the nervous system?
A. Many new neurons are produced after birth
B. A few new neurons are produced after birth
C. No new neurons are produced after birth
D. None of the above
19. Sensory information about body position and movements first travels to the
A. motor cortex
B. sensory cortex
C. thalamus
D. all of the above
20. Which of the following cranial nerves does not carry motor information that helps to move the eyes?
A. Cranial nerve III
B. Cranial nerve IV
C. Cranial nerve V
D. Cranial nerve VI
21. Auditory directional information is "extracted" (processed) in the
A. hypothalamus
B. olivary nucleus and the inferior colliculus
C. occipital cortex
D. frontal cortex
22. Steroid hormones affect target cells via
A. combination with nuclear receptor proteins which then either turn genes on or off
B. combination with membrane receptors which then can either turn genes on or off
C. affecting gene regulation directly without binding to any receptors
D. all of the above
23. When undergoing voluntary motor movements
A. all muscle fibers in a muscle are recruited at the same time
B. SO fibers are usually recruited first
C. FG fibers are usually recruited first
D. FOG fibers are usually recruited first
24. Non-steroid hormones
A. usually involve the formation of second messengers
B. usually combine with membrane receptor molecules
C. are hormones such as FSH, LH, and TSH
D. all of these
25. The musculsr structure in the eye that functions to help the lens to focus is the
A. iris
B. lens
C. ciliary body
D. choroid
26. The hormone that helps to increase blood glucose levels between meals is
A. calcitonin
B. glucagon
C. insulin
D. ADH
27. The protein(s) in muscles that allow for contractions is/are
A. actin and myosin
B. troponintropomyosin
C. tropomyosin
D. all of the above
28. A difference between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system is
A. only one is involuntary
B. only one usually innervates a given organ
C. only one acts independently of association cortices and continously
D. none of the above
29. The hormone calcitonin is produced by
A. follicle cells in the thyroid
B. non-follicular cells in the thyroid
C. alpha cells in the pancreas
D. beta cells in the adrenal gland
30. When the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated
A. heart rate increases and pupil diameter decreases
B. heart rate decreases and pupil diameter decreases
C. heart rate increases and pupil diameter increases
D. heart rate decreases and pupil diameter increases
31. A person with an abnormally low amount of glucose in her blood may be lacking the hormone
A. calcitonin
B. insulin
C. glucagon
D. thyroxin
32. Somatosensory information travels from the body to the brain in the
A. corticospinal tracts of the spinal cord
B. fasciculus gracilis tracts of the spinal cord
C. cerebrospinal tracts of the spinal cord
D. all of these
33. The area outside of the fovea is a part of the retina where:
A. there are more cones than rods
B. lateral processing does not take place
C. there are more rods than cones
D. there are no amacrine cells
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FILL-INS (@2 points):
Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate (one) word.
Choose 10 out of 12 only.
1. The __________ receives sensory input and helps to adjust body movements based on that input.
2. The ________ is a well vascularized, pigmented tissue in the eye that helps to nourish the retina.
3. The ___________ nerve carries motor information from the CNS to the tongue.
4. The ___________ nerve carries sensory information from the ear to the CNS.
5. The visual photopigment found in the rods in the eye is called ______________.
FILL-INS (cont)
6. The planning stage of initiating a motor movement takes place in the _______________ cortex.
7. ____________________ is a sense that arises from sensory structures in tendons and muscles and is very important for sensory feedback while moving.
8. The __________________ division of the autonomic nervous system functions mainly to maintain homeostasis.
9. The transparent, anterior and outermost portion of the eye's outer covering is called the __________.
10. The _________ is the major link between the nervous and the endocrine system.
11. The pancreatic beta cells in the islets of Langerhans produce ___________ (hormone).
12. In the story "Eyes Right", the patient described by Oliver Sacks has a tumor in her ____________.
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Essay/Short Answer (@ 10 pts). Answer only 2 of the following 3. The first 2 answered will be graded.
1) Provide a diagram outlining the control of osmotic pressure (water balance) in the blood in humans. Be sure to include details of the process (the names of tissues, cells, etc)
2) Provide a diagram outlining the control of metabolism in humans. Be sure to include details of the process (the names of tissues, cells, etc)
3) As you know, the autonomic nervous system is controlled by several parts of the brain. List at least two (2) of these "parts" and describe at least three (3) functions associated with each "part".