Human Anatomy and Physiology II, Final Exam, Version 9 - May 17, 2002, Dr. Chabot

Multiple Choice (@3 points): Circle the letter of the one best answer. Cross out three that you do not want graded

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1.        Select the correct statement about lymph transport:

A.    under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits

B.    lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins

C.    lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling

D.    lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles

2.        Which of the following is characteristic of antibodies:

A.    carbohydrate structure

B.    composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains

C.    composed of fats

D.    help to label the MHC

3.        The system that recognizes foreign molecules and acts to immobilize, neutralize, or destroy them is the:

A.    integumentary system

B.    renal system

C.    immune system

D.    lymphatic system

4.        Suppressor T cells:

A.    release cytokines that increase the activity of cytotoxic T cells and activated B cells

B.    decrease their activity as antigenic stimulus decreases

C.    may function in preventing autoimmune reactions

D.    are the most thoroughly understood T cells

5.        Which of the following is produced by epithelial membranes as a first line of defense protection:

A.    sebum

B.    haptens

C.    antibodies

D.    complement

6.        Which of the following does not influence the increase in ventilation that occurs as exercise is initiated:

A.    psychic stimuli

B.    fall in lactic acid levels

C.    proprioceptors

D.    simultaneous cortical motor activation of the skeletal muscles and respiratory center

7.        Tidal volume is air:

A.    remaining in the lungs after forced expiration

B.    exchanged during normal breathing

C.    inhaled after normal inspiration

D.    forcibly expelled after normal expiration

8.        The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the:

A.    tidal volume

B.    vital capacity

C.    inspiratory capacity

D.    expiratory reserve volume

9.        Respiratory control centers are located in the:

A.    midbrain

B.    medulla and pons

C.    pons and midbrain

D.    upper spinal cord

10.      The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called:

A.    reserve air

B.    expiratory reserve

C.    inspiratory reserve

D.    vital capacity

11.      Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by:

A.    osmosis

B.    diffusion

C.    filtration

D.    active transport

12.      Which of the following correctly describes mechanisms of CO₂ transport:

A.    20% of CO₂ is carried dissolved directly into the plasma

B.    7-8% of CO₂ is carried in the form of Hb•CO₂

C.    the chloride shift mechanism enhances CO₂ transport

D.    carbonic anhydrase is responsible for bonding CO2 to hemoglobin

13.      The respiratory membrane where O₂ diffuses into the bloodstream is a combination of:

A.    respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts

B.    alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basal lamina

C.    atria and alveolar sacs

D.    respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs

14.      The nose serves all the following functions except:

A.    as a passageway for air movement

B.    as the initiator of the cough reflex

C.    warming and humidifying the air

D.    cleansing the air

15.      When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called:

A.    absorption

B.    secretion

C.    chemical digestion

D.    mechanical digestion

16.      Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth:

A.    there are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge

B.    there are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge

C.    the number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth

D.    the number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth

17.      Which of the following is not true of saliva:

A.    cleanses the mouth

B.    contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

C.    moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus

D.    dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted

18.      In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach:

A.    initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins

B.    is the first site where absorption takes place

C.    is the only place where fats are completely digested

D.    is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

19.      Chyme is created in the:

A.    mouth

B.    stomach

C.    esophagus

D.    small intestine

20.      Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the:

A.    chief cells of the stomach

B.    parietal cells of the duodenum

C.    appendix

D.    goblet cells of the small intestine

21.      Which of the following enzymes will help to digest a meal high in complex carbohydrates?

A.    gastrin

B.    amylase

C.    pepsin

D.    trypsin

22.      Which of the following apply to the small intestine?

A.    carbohydrates and proteins but not fats are digested

B.    most of the water absorption from the digestive tract occurs here

C.    foods are acted on for the first time in this organ by protein-splitting enzymes

D.    it has epiploic appendages attached

23.      The major function of the large intestine is to:

A.    secrete digestive enzymes

B.    remove waste materials

C.    regulate the release of bile

D.    reabsorb most of the water that enters it

24. A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol and emulsification agents is:

A.    bile

B.    pancreatic juice

C.    intestinal juice

D.    gastric juice

25.      The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur:

A.    severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes

B.    this type of food would cause secretion of trypsin to cease, causing digestive upset

C.    bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum

D.    the acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food                          

26. Fertilization normally occurs in the

A. peritoneal cavity

B. Fallopian tube

C. uterus

D. vagina

27. The most commonly used oral contraceptives contain

A. synthetic estrogen and progesterone

B. synthetic androgen

C. gonadotropins

D. FSH and LH

28. About the time of ovulation, the anterior pituitary gland releases a relatively large quantity of

A. estrogen

B. progesterone

C. LH

D. androgen

29. Male reproductive functions are controlled mainly by hormones from the hypothalamus, and

A. posterior pituitary and adrenal glands

B. anterior pituitary and adrenal glands

C. posterior pituitary gland and testes

D. anterior pituitary gland and testes

30. The female structure that corresponds to (is homologous to) the male penis is the

A. vagina

B. clitoris

C. vestibule

D. labia minora

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Essay/Short Answer (@ 10 pts). Answer only 2 of the following 3. The first 2 answered will be graded.

PLEASE USE THE BACK SIDE OF THIS PAPER.

 

1) How are HIV and AIDS contracted and what treatment are there?

2) Describe the short and long term effects of exercise.

3) Describe the hormonal control of ovarian and uterine changes iin females