Human Anatomy and Physiology II

Exam 3, Version 8 - April 4,2001

Dr. Chabot

Multiple Choice (@3 points): Circle the letter of the one best answer. GOOD LUCK!

Answer only 27 out of 30! The first 27 answered will be graded.

Please place an "X" beside those three questions that you do not want graded.

1. Which of the following is not a function of red blood cells?

A. transportation of O2

B. transportation of CO2

C. protection (against "foreign invaders")

D. none of the above

2. People with type A blood can receive blood from people with type:

A. A blood

B. O blood

C. B blood

D. A and B only

E. All of the above

3. The function of monocytes is to:

A. act as phagocytes

B. produce heparin or histamine

C. help to control allergic reactions

D. produce antibodies or killer T cells

4. Approximately what percentage of O2 is carried bound to hemoglobin in the blood?

A. 12

B. 29

C. 58

D. 98

5. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase generally:

A. converts H₂O and CO2 into HCO3- and H⁺ in the body

B. converts H⁺ and HCO3- into CO2 and H₂O in the lungs

C. is found inside red blood cells

D. all of the above

6. The sirte of gas exchange in the lungs is the:

A. bronchus

B. trachea

C. bronchiole

D. alveolus

7. The vital capacity of a "typical" human is:

A. 2 liters

B. 4 liters

C. 6 liters

D. 8 liters

8. The pH (Bohr) effect:

A. increases Hb/O2 affinity in the body tissues and decreases Hb/O2 affinity in the lungs

B. decreases Hb/O2 affinity in the body tissues and increases Hb/O2 affinity in the lungs

C. has no effect on Hb/O2 affinity

D. always increases Hb/O2 affinity in all parts of the body

9. The most common type (by volume) of blood cell is a(n):

A. erythrocyte

B. leukocyte

C. thrombocyte

D. lymphocyte

10. The function of platelets is to:

A. assist in antibody production

B. carry O₂ in the blood

C. act as macrophages

D. none of the above

11. The _________ is part of the visual system

A. amygdala

B. basal ganglia

C. superior colliculus

D. Lateral Geniculate nucleus

E. all of the above

12. Which of the following would not be controlled or regulated by the hypothalamus or medulla?

A. body temperature

B. long-term memory

C. respiratory rate

D. water or ion balance

13. When thinking about the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system:

A. Only one is involuntary

B. Only one usually innervates a given organ

C. Only one acts independently of association cortex and continuously

D. none of the above

14. Increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart and the lungs would:

A. increase heart rate and dilate the bronchioles respectively

B. increase heart rate and constrict the bronchioles respectively

C. decrease heart rate and dilate the bronchioles respectively

D. decrease heart rate and constrict the bronchioles respectively

15. The _______ is the part of the eye that contains the photoreceptors.

A. pupil

B. lens

C. iris

D. retina

16. We can tell if one sound is louder than another because

A. a difference in the frequency of action potentials in the auditory nerve

B. of the properties of the superior olivary nucleus

C. of the part of the cochlea that the specific hair receptors are found

D. the bones in the ear

17. Transduction occurs in receptors by

A. neurotransmitters

B. decreasing permeability of nerve membranes

C. changes in membrane permeability or conductance

D. changes in action potentials

18. Sensory hair cells in the cochlea become excited (depolarized):

A. when sound waves induce electrical changes in the fluid filled cochlea

B. when the hairs of the cells are displaced (bent)

C. when a pigment molecule changes shape

D. they are stimulated by neurotransmitters

19. Rhodopsin is found in

A. cone cells

B. hair cells

C. rod cells

D. olfactory receptor cells

20. We humans can distinguish between different sound frequencies because:

A. of the frequency of action potentials in the auditory nerve

B. of the time differences of action potentials arriving at brain nuclei from the 2 cochlea

C. high frequency sounds primarily stimulate hair cells near the oval window

D. of the impedance matching characteristics of the ear bones (incus, malleus, and stapes)

21. Lateral inhibition, a type of sensory processing which occurs in the retina functions to provide a mechanism for

A. accomadation

B. adaptation

C. the enhancement of edge contrast

D. none of the above

22. The part of the ear that is most responsible for impedance matching is the

A. outer ear

B. middle ear

C. inner ear

D. cochlea

23. When a person is color blind he or she usually

A. lacks ganglion cells in the retina

B. lacks one or more types of cones in the retina

C. lacks one or more types of rods in the retina

D. lacks horizontal cells in the retina

24. Phototransduction stops in photoreceptors when

A. cis retinal is changed to trans retinal

B. the photoreceptors become hyperpolarized

C. the photoreceptors become depolarized

D. A and B only

E. A and C only

25. The part of the brain that integrates information from both ears and helps us to localize sound direction

A. is the occipital cortex

B. is the frontal cortex

C. is the parietal cortex

D. is the inferior olive

26. The _______ is the part of the eye that allows you to focus by changing the shape of the lens.

A. ciliary body

B. lens

C. iris

D. retina

27. The fovea is a part of the retina where:

A. there are more cones than rods

B. lateral processing does not take place

C. there are more rods than cones

D. there are no amacrine cells

28. When a person is exposed to cold weather for an extended period of time __________ produces _____ which then affects ________ which produces ______ which then affects _____ which produces _____ raising metabolism.

A. the thyroid; thyroxin; the pituitary; TRH; the hypothalamus; TSH

B. the pituitary; TRH; the thyroid; thyroxin; the hypothalamus; TSH

C. the hypothalamus; TSH; the thyroid thyroxin; pituitary; TRH

D. the hypothalamus; TRH; the pituitary; TSH; the thyroid; thyroxin;

29. The area outside of the fovea is a part of the retina where:

A. there are more cones than rods

B. lateral processing does not take place

C. there are more rods than cones

D. there are no amacrine cells

30. Which of the following may be a symptom of hyperglycemia (too much sugar in the blood)?

A. fatigue

B. weight loss

C. dehydration

D. all of the above

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Essay/Short Answer (@ 10 pts). Answer only 2 of the following 3. The first 2 answered will be graded.

 

1) Draw and label the respiratory system.

 

2) Draw and label a diagram showing the effects of temperature on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. Be sure to provide labels that would indicate how this graphed "effect" might/does affect human physiology.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3) List: a) the parts of the brain that control the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS);

b) the two divisions of the ANS and

c) how each of the two divisions affects specific organs that are affected by the ANS.