Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Exam 1, Version 4 - March 17, 2000 - HAVE A HAPPY SPRING BREAK!
Dr. Chabot
Multiple Choice (@2 points): Circle the letter of the one best answer. GOOD LUCK!
Answer only 35 out of 39! The first 35 answered will be graded.
1. The cerebellum has
A. motor output but no sensory input
B. motor output and sensory input
C. no motor output but it does have sensory input
D. neither motor output or sensory input
2. The limbic system is:
A. involved in the control of the autonomic nervous system
B. a group of fiber tracts and brain nuclei that is involved in basic emotions such as anger
C. a brain nucleus which contains centers for hunger, thirst, and body temperature maintenance
D. A and B
3. The _______ is the part of the eye that contains the photoreceptors.
A. pupil
B. lens
C. iris
D. retina
4. We can tell if one sound is louder than another because
A. a difference in the frequency of action potentials in the auditory nerve
B. of the properties of the superior olivary nucleus
C. of the part of the cochlea that the specific hair receptors are found
D. the bones in the ear
5. If the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to the hippocampus is damaged, what is the result?
A. Memory is lost.
B. Motor control to the right leg is impaired.
C. vision is lost.
D. Motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost.
6. Transduction occurs in receptors by
A. neurotransmitters
B. decreasing permeability of nerve membranes
C. changes in membrane permeability or conductance
D. changes in action potentials
7. Sensory hair cells in the cochlea become excited (depolarized):
A. when sound waves induce electrical changes in fluid filled cochlea
B. when the hairs of the cells are displaced (bent)
C. when a pigment molecule changes shape
D. they are stimulated by neurotransmitters
8. The basal nuclei include which of the following?
A. the putamen
B. the globus pallidus
C. the caudate nucleus
D. all of these
9. What is the function of cerebral association areas?
A. to analyze and interpret sensory experiences
B. memory
C. reasoning and judgment
D. all of these
10. Parkinson's disease, which is characterized by slow movements and difficulty initiating voluntary muscular actions, results from a disorder in the
A. frontal lobe
B. parietal lobe
C. basal ganglia
D. ventricles
11. Rhodopsin is found in
A. cone cells
B. hair cells
C. rod cells
D. olfactory receptor cells
12. We humans can distinguish between different sound frequencies because:
A. of the frequency of action potentials in the auditory nerve
B. of the time differences of action potentials arriving at brain nuclei from the 2 cochlea
C. high frequency sounds primarily stimulate hair cells near the oval window
D. of the impedance matching characteristics of the ear bones (incus, malleus, and stapes)
13. The range of human hearing is about
A. 2,000-3,000 Hz
B. 2,000-200,000 Hz
C. 20-20,000 Hz
D. 2-2,000 Hz
14. The fiber tract responsible for carrying motor impulses for motor movements which have already been learned (practiced) is called the:
A. pyramidal tract
B. extra-pyramidal tract
C. autonomic tract
D. practice tract
15. Lateral inhibition, a type of sensory processing which occurs in the retina functions to provide a mechanism for
A. accomadation
B. adaptation
C. the enhancement of edge contrast
D. none of the above
16. The part of the brain that is involved in initiating movements is the
A. motor cortex
B. putamen
C. medial cerebellum
D. lateral cerebellum
17. If, as a baseball player, you are unable to "screen out" (i.e. focus) unwanted thoughts or stimuli when you are batting, you are unable to screen out input from the
A. basal ganglia
B. motor cortex
C. limbic system
D. cerebellum
18. When considering motor movements, the medial cerebellum is involved in:
A. the initiation of movements
B. the constant updating of simple motor programs
C. directly stimulating spinal motor neurons
D. the storage of simple motor programs
19. The _________ is part of the visual system
A. amygdala
B. basal ganglia
C. superior colliculus
D. association cortex
E. all of the above
20. Which of the following is thought to contribute most to memory formation?
A. long term storage of action potentials
B. new synapse formation
C. formation of new nuclei in the brain
D. additional synthesis of neurotransmitter
21. The occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex is associated with:
A. "higher thought"
B. vision
C. hearing
D. none of the above
22. Sensory information about body position and movements first travels to the
A. motor cortex
B. sensory cortex
C. thalamus
D. all of the above
23. In the book "The Man Who Mistook his Wife for a Hat" there is a story of a man who was brain-damaged in the 1940’s and could not remember anything past that time. What part of his brain was damaged?
A. medial geniculate
B. thalamus
C. hippocampus
D. visual association cortex
24. When undergoing voluntary motor movements
A. all muscle fibers in a muscle are recruited at the same time
B. SO fibers are usually recruited first
C. FG fibers are usually recruited first
D. FOG fibers are usually recruited first
25. Masses of myelinated axons appear _____ in a fresh spinal cord or brain.
A. white
B. gray
C. brown
D. transparent
26. The sense of touch is translated by a part of the brain known as the:
A. frontal lobes
B. motor cortex
C. somatosensory cortex
D. occipital cortex
27. The caudate of the basal ganglia is involved in:
A. planning motor movements
B. executing motor movements
C. processing sensory information
D. updating simple motor programs which are stored in the cortex
28. Which of the following cranial nerves is the vagus nerve?
A. VII
B. VIII
C. IX
D. X
29. The _________ is part of the limbic system
A. amygdala
B. basal ganglia
C. cerebellum
D. association cortex
E. all of the above
30. The part of the ear that is most responsible for impedance matching is the
A. outer ear
B. middle ear
C. inner ear
D. cochlea
31. When a person is color blind he or she usually
A. lacks ganglion cells in the retina
B. lacks one or more types of cones in the retina
C. lacks one or more types of rods in the retina
D. lacks horizontal cells in the retina
32. Phototransduction stops in photoreceptors when
A. cis retinal is changed to trans retinal
B. the photoreceptors become hyperpolarized
C. the photoreceptors become depolarized
D. A and B only
E. A and C only
33. The brain "knows" what type of sensory information it is receiving because:
A. of the quality of the neural energy
B. of the quantity of action potentials
C. the information travels in specific "labeled lines" (axons)
D. of the type of environmental energy it receives from the sensory cells
34. The intensity of a sound is encoded by the ear by
A. the frequency of action potentials
B. the specific hair cells that are stimulated
C. the difference in the timing between the ears
D. all of the above
35. The part of the brain that integrates information from both ears and helps us to localize sound direction
A. is the occipital cortex
B. is the frontal cortex
C. is the parietal cortex
D. is the inferior olive
36. The _______ is the part of the eye that allows you to focus by changing the shape of the lens.
A. ciliary body
B. lens
C. iris
D. retina
37. The fovea is a part of the retina where:
A. there are more cones than rods
B. lateral processing does not take place
C. there are more rods than cones
D. there are no amacrine cells
38. Auditory directional information is "extracted" (processed) in the
A. hypothalamus
B. olivary nucleus and the inferior colliculus
C. occipital cortex
D. frontal cortex
39. The area outside of the fovea is a part of the retina where:
A. there are more cones than rods
B. lateral processing does not take place
C. there are more rods than cones
D. there are no amacrine cells
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Essay/Short Answer (@ 10 pts). Answer only 3 of the following 4. The first 2 answered will be graded.
1) In a diagrammatic form, outline the parts of the brain that are involved in the control of motor movements. Be sure to include arrows to indicate inputs and outputs to/from these structures. Also include the functions of at least four of the structures.
2) In outline form diagram the process of phototransduction. Be sure to include at least five steps or more specific steps.
3) Draw and label a diagram of the eye. Be sure to include the functions of at least four of the structures that you have named.
4) List the 12 cranial nerves and their specific functions.