Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Exam 3, Version 2 - Apr 28, 1993
Dr. Chabot
Multiple Choice (@2 points): Circle the letter of the one best answer. GOOD LUCK!
- Answer only 30 out of 33!
BE SURE TO CROSS OUT THE 3 QUESTIONS YOU DON'T WANT GRADED!
- The first 30 answered will be graded.
1. The function of the epiglottis is to:
A. prevent food from entering the nasal passages
B. prevent food from entering the trachea
C. prevent air from entering the esophagus
D. prevent air from entering the nasal passages
2. The primary site for O2 and CO2 exchange is in the:
A. trachea
B. bronchii
C. bronchioles
D. alveoli
3. Normal exhalation involves:
A. contraction of the diaphragm
B. contraction of the intercostal muscles
C. contraction of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm
D. elastic recoil of the chest
4. When you breathe in air:
A. there is complete turnover of all air in the lungs (100%)
B. there is a large amount of turnover of the air in the lungs (90%)
C. there is approximately 50% turnover of the air in the lungs
D. there is substantially less than 50% turnover of air in the lungs (20%)
5. At rest, ventilation rate can be affected most by:
A. O2 levels in the inhaled air
B. CO2 levels in the inhaled air
C. nitrogen levels in the inhaled air
D. CO2 levels in the exhaled air
6. Ventilation rate can also be controlled by:
A. CO2 levels in the blood
B. O2 levels in the blood
C. rate of body movements (arms, legs, etc.)
D. all of the above
7. Exercise increases the ventilation rate because:
A. CO2 is breathed out faster
B. neurons in the motor cortex stimulate the respiratory centers to increase the rate
C. proprioreceptors are stimulated which in turn stimulate the respiratory centers
D. B and C
8. Which of the following proteins is normally not found in the plasma?
A. hemoglobin
B. albumin
C. fibrinogen
D. globulin
9. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) make up approximately:
A. 5% of the volume of blood
B. 10% of the volume of blood
C. 40% of the volume of blood
D. 90% of the volume of blood
10. Hemoglobin:
A. is a protein
B. is made up of globins and 4 heme groups
C. exists in more than 100 different forms in humans
D. all of the above
11. The Bohr effect refers to the fact that:
A. hemoglobin is a pigment molecule
B. hemoglobin releases bound O2 more readily at low pH
C. hemoglobin releases bound O2 more readily at high pH
D. there is a hole in the hemoglobin molecule
12. O2 passes from the mother to the fetus because:
A. fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for O2
B. fetal hemoglobin has a lower affinity for O2
C. maternal (the mother's) hemoglobin exhibits temperature effects
D. none of the above
13. Erythrocytes are produced primarily in the:
A. spleen
B. bone marrow
C. lymph nodes
D. thymus gland
14. The primary function of platelets is to:
A. destroy micro organisms
B. carry O2
C. carry CO2
D. initiate clotting
15. Most CO2 is carried in the blood as:
A. CO2
B. Hb•CO2
C. HCO3-
D. H2CO3
16. Acidity (low pH) is usually buffered in the blood by:
A. Na+
B. OH-
C. H+
D. HCO3-
17. Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin in the presence of:
A. Ca++
B. prothrombin
C. thrombin
D. von Willebrand factor
18. In response to a sudden loss of a large amount of blood, the nervous system:
A. slows the heart down to conserve blood and energy
B. speeds the heart up
C. causes blood pressure to rise dramatically
D. none of the above
19. People with type AB blood can receive blood from people with type:
A. A blood
B. B blood
C. AB blood
D. O blood
E. All of the above
20. Arteries:
A. deliver blood back to the heart
B. contain elastic components in their walls but no muscles
C. contain elastic components and muscles in their walls
D. are relatively thin walled
21. All of the following are part of the heart's conducting system except:
A. the SA node
B. the AV node
C. nervous tissue
D. the bundle of His
22. Vasoconstriction or vasodilation can occur in:
A. veins
B. venules
C. capillaries
D. arterioles
23. Electrical activity (stimulation) can spread through cardiac tissue because of the:
A. release of neurotransmitter
B. serous tissue surrounding the heart
C. chemical synapses between cells
D. gap junctions between the cells
E. all of the above
24. The initial stimulus which causes a heart to beat arises from:
A. the central nervous system
B. the AV node
C. the SA node
D. electromagnetic stimuli
25. In the EKG, the wave which represents repolarization of the ventricle is:
A. the P wave
B. the QRS wave
C. the QR interval
D. the T wave
26. Artherosclerosis:
A. is also known as "hardening of the arteries"
B. often involves high levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood
C. often involves high levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood
D. A and B
D. A and C
27. Risk factors for artherosclerosis do not include:
A. a diet high in sugar content
B. age
C. a diet high in saturated fat content
D. smoking
28. When you excercise:
A. your heart rate can increase to as high as 200 beats/min
B. your stroke volume decreases by as much as 50%
C. the blood pressure decreases temporarily
D. over the long term the heart muscle decrease in size
29. The thymus gland functions to:
A. produce T cells in the developing human
B. produce T cells in the adult human
C. filter the blood
D. remove dead or damaged red blood cells
30. Which of the following does not seem to be released from cells during an inflammatory response:
A. histamines
B. pyrogens
C. interferons or defensins
D. prothrombin
31. Antigens are:
A. proteins found on the outside of microrganisms
B. proteins found on the outside of cells of the human body
C. usually very large and complex
D. A and C
E. all of the above
32. Micro-organisms can be destroyed by the immune system by:
A. becoming coated with antibodies and then being engulfed by phagocytes
B. a complement reaction
C. being labelled with antigens produced by the body
D. A and B
E. all of the above
33. AIDS develops in humans:
A. as soon as the human is infected with the HIV virus
B. when the body can no longer produce enough helper B cells
C. when the body can no longer produce enough helper T cells
D. when the body can no longer produce enough killer T cells
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Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate (one) word (@ 2 points).
Choose 10 out of 12 only.
1. The AIDS virus is a type of virus known as a ____________________.
(2.) List at least 4 general functions of the digestive system (this counts as 4 answers towards the total of 10 that you need to answer).
2. ____________
3. ____________
4. ____________
5. ____________
6. The ______________ is the tissue layer of the digestive tract that surrounds the lumen (central cavity).
7. The _________________ is the tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach.
8. When the salivary glands are stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system ________________ amounts of saliva are produced.
9. _______________ is the enzyme produced by the salivary glands.
10. _________________ is a cancer of the lymphatic system and white blood cells.
11. The skin is a good first line of defense against micro-organisms in part because it has the ability to _________________.
12. The primary "center" in
the brain which controls heart rate is located in the ______________.
Short Answer (@ 10 pts). Answer only 2 of the following 3. The first 2
answered will be graded.
1) Trace the pathway that a red blood cell would take from the left ventricle into the pulmonary artery. Be sure to name all the structures (that we discussed in class) that the red blood cell would pass through. (A diagram is not necessary).
2) In outline form, provide a diagram of the cascade reaction that occurs in order for blood to clot.
3) Draw and label the membrane potential changes (intracellular) over time of the pacemaker cells of the heart.