Human Anatomy and Physiology II

Exam 3, Version 9 - April 16, 2003, Dr. Chabot

Multiple Choice (@3 points): Circle the letter of the one best answer. GOOD LUCK!

Answer only 27 out of 30! The first 27 answered will be graded.

1. Receptors for hearing are located in the:

A. cochlea

B. semicircular canals

C. tympanic membrane

D. vestibule

2. Type II diabetes (insulin resistence):

a) is more likely to develop in a person who is obese

b) is more likely to develop because of an overactive immune system

c) occurs because of a loss of beta cells in the pancreas

d) occurs because of a loss of alpha cells in the pancreas

3. Short-term hyperactivity in kids has been linked to

a) eating high sugar meals

b) eating high fat meals

c) eating high protein meals

d) none of the above

4. Insulin, a small (51-amino-acid) protein, is synthesized by the beta cells of the pancreas.

This hormone is released:

A. in excessive amounts in obese people

B. in response to severe physical stress (i.e., a ten-mile marathon)

C. when the body's glucose level rises

D. when the body's glucose level drops

5. What is the (approximate) average pH of blood:

A. 8.4

B. 6.0

C. 7.4

D. 4.7

6. Together white blood cells and platelets comprise approximately _____ % or total blood volume:

A. 1

B. 75

C. 45

D. 10

7. Which blood type is called the universal donor:

A. A

B. B

C. AB

D. O

8. Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis:

A. increased long term tissue demand for oxygen

B. decreased long term tissue demand for oxygen

C. an increased number of RBCs

D. moving from a high altitude to a low altitude

9. Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation:

A. the main sites of blood cell production in adults are the spleen and the liver

B. before the 7th month of fetal development, yellow marrow is the main site of blood cell formation

C. red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life

D. yellow marrow is the main site of leukocyte formation

10. Sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia by:

A. too much rest

B. vigorous exercise

C. malaria and travel at high altitude

D. too much rest and vigorous exercise

11. Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the:

A. trabeculae carneae

B. pectinate muscles

C. papillary muscles

D. venae cavae

12. Blood is carried to capillaries in the heart by way of:

A. the coronary sinus

B. the fossa ovalis

C. coronary arteries

D. coronary veins

13. If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that:

A. the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract

B. the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute

C. the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart

D. parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate

14. Which of the following correctly describes mechanisms of CO₂ transport:

A. approximately 10% of CO₂ is carried dissolved directly into the plasma

B. most of CO₂ is carried in the form of Hb CO₂

C. only a little is carried by H⁺ + HCO₃^-

D. carbonic anhydrase is responsible for bonding CO₂ to hemoglobin

15. The function of monocytes is to:

A. act as phagocytes

B. produce heparin or histamine

C. help to control allergic reactions

D. produce antibodies or killer T cells

16. The pH (Bohr) effect:

A. increases Hb/O2 affinity in the body tissues and decreases Hb/O2 affinity in the lungs

B. decreases Hb/O2 affinity in the body tissues and increases Hb/O2 affinity in the lungs

C. has no effect on Hb/O2 affinity

D. always increases Hb/O2 affinity in all parts of the body

17. We humans can distinguish between different sound frequencies because:

A. of the frequency of action potentials in the auditory nerve

B. of the time differences of action potentials arriving at brain nuclei from the 2 cochlea

C. high frequency sounds primarily stimulate hair cells near the oval window

D. of the impedance matching characteristics of the ear bones (incus, malleus, and stapes)

18. When a person is exposed to cold weather for an extended period of time __________ produces _____ which then affects ________ which produces ______ which then affects _____ which produces _____ raising metabolism.

A. the thyroid; thyroxin; the pituitary; TRH; the hypothalamus; TSH

B. the pituitary; TRH; the thyroid; thyroxin; the hypothalamus; TSH

C. the hypothalamus; TSH; the thyroid thyroxin; pituitary; TRH

D. the hypothalamus; TRH; the pituitary; TSH; the thyroid; thyroxin;

19. The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to:

A. accommodate a greater volume of blood

B. expand the thoracic cage during diastole

C. pump blood with greater pressure

D. pump blood through a smaller valve

20. The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates:

A. ventricular repolarization

B. atrial repolarization

C. ventricular depolarization

D. atrial depolarization

21. Adult versus fetal hemoglobin differs in that

A. adult has a higher affinity for O₂ than fetal

B. adult has a lower affinity for O₂ than fetal

C. they both have the same affinity but are affected differently by pH

D. they both have the same affinity but are affected differently by temperature

22. The drug memamtine may help to treat people with;

A) Alzheimers

B) diabetes

C) sickle cell anemia

D) gamma globuilolytisociacieas

23. A recent study from Science suggests that bone marrow stem cells:

A) may be less able to change into other types of cells than previously thought

B) are going to be banned from use by the federal government

C) are more fully functional than embryonic stem cells

D) all of the above

24. Another Science article talked about treatments for "protein folding diseases" such as

A) Parkinson's

B) Alzheimer's

C) Creutzfeldt-Jacobs Disease

D) all of the above

25. ____ is a hormone that helps to regulate blood calcium levels

A. calmodulin

B. inositol phosphate

C. thyroxin

D. calcitonin

26. A protein produced in the liver and functions to carry hormones and maintain osmotic pressure is:

A. fibrinogen

B. albumin

C. globulin

D. none of the above

27. Steroid hormones__________; non-steroid hormones _____.

A. are lipophilic; bind to intra-cellular receptors

B. include testosterone and norepinephrine; include cortisol and estrogen

C. may affect cells by changing protein synthesis rates; combine with nuclear receptor proteins

D. none of the above

28. Veins are different than arteries in that they:

A. have thicker walls

B. always carry low O2 blood

C. have more smooth muscle in their walls

D. are generally thinner

29. Blood flow to certain areas of the body can be controlled by:

A. opening or closing blood flow through arterioles

B. opening or closing blood flow to capillary beds

C. the autonomic nervous system

D. all of the above

30. Which of the following is not a blood problem that we discussed in class?

A. sickle-cell anemia

B. iron deficient anemia

C. leukemia

D. none of the above

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Essay/Short Answer (@ 10 pts). Answer only 2 of the following 3. The first 2 answered will be graded. Use the reverse side of paper for your answers.

1) Draw and label the heart and the major blood vessels that are attached to the heart. List the approximate percent saturation of the blood in the major chambers.

2) Describe how blood glucose levels return to normal after they have risen.

3) Draw and label a diagram showing the effects of temperature on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. Be sure to provide labels that would indicate how this graphed "effect" might/does affect human physiology.